Selasa, 23 Oktober 2012

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Posted in Arrangement, Art, Business

Gengis Khan



Jenghis Khan (bahasa Mongolia: Чингис Хаан), juga dieja Genghis KhanJinghis KhanChinghiz Khan,Chinggis KhanChangaiz Khan, dll, nama asalnyaTemüjin, juga dieja Temuchin atau TiemuZhen, (sek. 1162 - 18 Agustus 1227) adalah khan Mongol dan ketua militer yang menyatukan bangsa Mongolia dan kemudian mendirikan Kekaisaran Mongolia dengan menaklukkan sebagian besar wilayah di Asia, termasuk utara Tiongkok (Dinasti Jin), Xia Barat, Asia Tengah, Persia, dan Mongolia. Penggantinya akan meluaskan penguasaan Mongolia menjadi kekaisaran terluas dalam sejarah manusia. Dia merupakan kakek Kubilai Khan, pemerintah Tiongkok bagi Dinasti Yuan di China.

Kehidupan Awal
Jenghis Khan dilahirkan dengan nama Temüjin sekitar tahun 1162 dan 1167, anak sulung Yesügei, ketua suku Kiyad (Kiyan). Sedangkan nama keluarga dari Yesügei adalah Borjigin (Borjigid). Temujin dinamakan seperti nama ketua musuh yang ditewaskan ayahnya.
Temujin lahir di daerah pegunungan Burhan Haldun, dekat dengan sungai Onon dan Herlen. Ibu Temujin, Holun, berasal dari suku Olkhunut. Kehidupan mereka berpindah-pindah layaknya seperti penduduk Turki di Asia Tengah. Saat Berumur 9 tahun, Temujin dikirimkan keluar dari sukunya karena ia akan jodohkan kepada Borte, putri dari suku Onggirat. Ayah Temujin, Yesugei meninggal karena diracuni suku Tartar tepat pada saat ia pulang setelah mengantar Temujin ke suku Onggirat.
Temujin pun dipanggil pulang untuk menemui ayahnya. Yesugei memberi pesan kepada Temujin untuk membalaskan dendamnya dan menghancurkan suku Tartar di masa depan. Kehidupan Temujin bertambah parah setelah hak kekuasaannya sebagai penerus kepala suku direbut oleh orang lain dengan alasan umur Temujin yang masih terlalu muda. Temujin dan keluarganya diusir dari sukunya karena ia ditakuti akan merebut kembali hak kekuasaannya atas suku Borjigin. Hidup Temujin dan keluarganya sangat menderita. Dengan perbekalan makanan yang sangat terbatas, Ia dan adik-adiknya hidup dengan cara berburu. Pada saat ia menginjak remaja, kepala suku Borjigin mengirimkan pasukan untuk membunuh Temujin.
Temujin berhasil tertangkap dan ditawan oleh musuhnya, namun ia berhasil kabur dari tahanan dan dengan pertolongan dari orang-orang yang masih setia kepada Yesugei. Pada saat menginjak dewasa, Temujin berjuang dan mengumpulkan kekuatannya sendiri.

Latar Perjuangan 

Menyatukan Mongolia
Temujin mempunyai teman baik yang juga merupakan saudara angkatnya, yang bernama Jamukha. Ia pernah berkali-kali ditolong oleh Jamukha, yang merupakan keturunan dari suku Jadaran. Bersama-sama dengan saudara angkatnya, Temujin berhasil merebut kembali hak kekuasaannya atas sukunya dan juga perserikatan Mongolia yang didirikan ayahnya dahulu. Waktu demi waktu, wilayah Temujin menjadi semakin besar, yang dilakukan dengan cara menghancurkan musuh-musuhnya dan menggabungkan suku-suku dalam perserikatan Mongolia. Musuh terbesar Temujin dalam sejarah ternyata adalah saudara angkatnya sendiri, Jamukha, yang sering mengadu-domba Temujin dengan suku-suku lainnya, termasuk ayah angkat Temujin sendiri yang bernama Wang Khan. Setelah Temujin berhasil menyisihkan musuh-musuhnya dan melaksanakan perintah almarhum ayahnya, Yesugei, ia kemudian juga berhasil membalaskan kematian nenek-moyangnya, yang dibunuh oleh kerajaan Jin. Temujin kemudian diangkat menjadi Khan dengan gelar Jenghis Khan; yang artinya "Khan dari Segala-galanya".

Memerangi kerajaan Jin 
Nenek-moyang kerajaan Jin berasal dari suku Jurchen. Suku Jurchen berhasil menguasai wilayah utara Cina selama lebih dari 100 tahun. Hal ini akan menjadi kesulitan besar untuk Jenghis Khan dalam menunaikan tugasnya. Kerajaan Jin memiliki jumlah pasukan yang hampir mendekati jutaan jiwa (lebih dari 10 kali lipat dari pasukan Jenghis Khan pada waktu itu). Mereka hidup aman dibalik tembok kerajaan yang besar dan susah untuk diserang. Jenghis Khan berhasil meruntuhkan semangat perang dan kekuataan kerajaan Jin dalam berbagai peperangan. Salah satunya adalah perang di Tebing Serigala Liar, dimana Jenghis Khan yang hanya memiliki pasukan tidak lebih dari 100.000 tentara berhasil membabat pasukan musuh yang besarnya lebih dari setengah juta jiwa. Kejayaan Jenghis Khan terbukti dari keberhasilannya dalam merebut ibukota kerajaan Jin, Dadu, yang sekarang ini menjadi Beijing. Para seniman (artis), ahli senjata (terutama ahli senjata berat/siege weapon), dan barang berharga, semuanya dibawa kembali ke Mongolia sebagai budak dan rampasan perang.

Invasi ke Timur Tengah 
Sejarah mencatat invasi yang dipimpin oleh Jenghis Khan sendiri dengan ratusan ribu tentara terpilih ke Kerajaan Khawarezmia yang pada waktu itu menguasai seluruh wilayah Timur Tengah diawali dengan pedagang Mongolia yang dibunuh dan harta mereka dirampas oleh panglima Khawarizmi yang serakah. Keserakahan itu membawa bencana bagi bangsanya. Jenghis Khan berhasil menawan dan menghukum mati panglima tersebut dengan cara menuangkan logam panas ke matanya. Kerajaan Khawarizmi menderita kerugian yang tidak terhitung. Amarah Jenghis Khan bertambah setelah cucu kesayangannya terbunuh. Populasi rakyat Timur Tengah berkurang hingga 10%, dan wilayah Mongolia pun bertambah luas sampai kebagian barat benua Asia.
Sejarah pernah mencatat bahwa pada saat Jenghis Khan mundur kembali ke Mongolia, ia sempat memerintahkan dua jendral terbaiknya, Jebe dan Subotai Baatur untuk menyelidiki daerah barat dan membasmi sisa musuh sampai ke wilayah Russia. Jebe dan Subotai pernah menginjak daratan Eropa pada saat itu, dan mengalami konfrontasi dan menghancurkan pasukan Salib yang hendak menyerang wilayah Arab. Sumber konfrontasi itu diperkirakan terjadi karena pasukan Salib dari Eropa mengira pasukan Mongol adalah pasukan Arab. Wilayah Timur Tengah kemudian dibagi-bagi dan dikuasai oleh putra-putra Jenghis Khan.

Akhir Hidup Jenghis Khan
Jenghis Khan yang sudah berumur tua dipaksa untuk memimpin pasukan untuk menghancurkan kekhalifahan Abbasiyah untuk kesekian kalinya, namun ketidak-cakapan para pasukan dan seringnya melakukan mabuk-mabukan memperlemah pasukan militernya. Ia meninggal dalam perjalanan karena terjatuh dari kuda dan dirahasiakan oleh panglima-panglima setianya sampai musuh berhasil ditaklukan. Kuburan Jenghis Khan dirahasiakan agar tidak dirusak oleh orang lain. Kekuasaan Mongol diwariskan kepada putra ketiganya, Ogadai Khan. Alasan Jenghis Khan menunjuk putra ketiganya untuk meneruskan tahta warisnya, disebabkan oleh keahlian yang dimiliki Ogadai Khan dalam bernegoisasi, memimpin negara dan sifatnya yang tidak sombong (tidak seperti kedua kakaknya yang sering bertempur satu sama lain).

Mongolia Setelah Jenghis Khan

Ogodei Khan
Ogodei Khan, anak ketiga yang menjadi Khan Agung, bukan hanya berhasil dalam mempertahankan wilayah Mongolia yang telah dibangun oleh ayahnya, namun ia berhasil memperluas kekuasaannya dengan menghancurkan kerajaan Jin untuk terakhir kalinya, serta memerintahkan panglimanya untuk memperluas kekuasaan di wilayah Eropa. Wilayah Russia, Polandia, serta Hungaria berhasil dikuasai oleh Mongolia. Pasukan gabungan yang dipimpin oleh Henry dari Silesia tergabung dari pasukan Hungaria, Polandia, dan Jerman (Kekaisaran Suci Romawi) yang terdiri dari pasukan Teutonik terbantai tak bersisa dalam perang di Leignitz. Sejarah Eropa mencatat kekejaman dan teror besar yang dilakukan oleh kerajaan Mongolia atas rakyat Eropa. Pasukan Mongolia baru menghentikan perluasan wilayah mereka di Eropa setelah mendengar kematian Ogodei Khan. Negara-negara Eropa memilih untuk memberikan upeti kepada kerajaan Mongolia daripada mengambil risiko untuk melawan Mongolia. Eropa bahkan memohon bantuan Mongolia untuk menghancurkan Arab. Sebagian wilayahnya kemudian akan menjadi Dinasti Yuan di bawah Kublai Khan, anak Tolui Khan.

Tolui Khan
Tolui Khan, anak termuda, mewarisi tanah Mongolia yang relatif kecil. Anaknya, Kubilai Khan, akan mendirikan Dinasti Yuan.

Chagatai Khan
Chagatai Khan, anak kedua, diberi Asia Tengah dan Iran utara, mendirikan Kekhanan Chagatai.

Batu Khan
Batu Khan adalah anak Jochi Khan, anak tertua Jenghis Khan yang telah mati sebelum kematian Jenghis Khan. Warisan tanah yang sekiranya diwarisi oleh Jochi, yakni Rusia, diberikan oleh kedua anaknya, Batu Khan dan Orda Khan, yang keduanya, beserta 12 saudara mereka lainnya, mendirikan Ulus Jochi (Golden Horde)
Setelah kematian Ogodei Khan, Mongolia dikuasai oleh Batu Khan yang memiliki visi lain dalam memperluas kerajaan Mongolia. Ia mengirimkan pasukan untuk menguasai tanah Arab yang sebelumnya dikuasai oleh Eropa, seperti Damaskus dan kota-kota lainnya. Pasukan Eropa mengirimkan bantuan pada saat mereka merebut kota Yerusalem. Pasukan Mongolia tercatat dalam sejarah memperluas kekuasaannya sampai ke wilayah Mesir. Setelah kematian Batu Khan, pasukan Mongolia menghentikan agresi militernya ke arah barat.

Kubilai Khan
Mongolia pada saat kekuasaan Kubilai Khan berhasil memperluas wilayah sampai seluruh Cina, Korea, Burma, Vietnam, dan Kamboja. Pasukan Mongolia pernah melakukan agresi militer ke Jepang dan Jawa (Kerajaan Singasari), namun tidak berhasil.

Selasa, 02 Oktober 2012

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Posted in Arrangement, Art, Business

Slash


Saul Hudson (born July 23, 1965), better known by his stage name Slash, is a British-American musician and songwriter.[1] He is best known as the former lead guitarist of the American hard rock band Guns N' Roses, with whom he achieved worldwide success in the late 1980s and early 1990s. During his later years with Guns N' Roses, Slash formed the side project Slash's Snakepit. He then co-founded the supergroup Velvet Revolver, which re-established him as a mainstream performer in the mid to late 2000s. Slash has since released two solo albums, Slash (2010), featuring an all-star roster of guest musicians, and Apocalyptic Love (2012), recorded with singer/guitarist Myles Kennedy, along with rhythm section Brent Fitz and Todd Kerns, known on the album as The Conspirators.
Slash has received critical acclaim as a guitarist. Time named him runner-up on their list of "The 10 Best Electric Guitar Players" in 2009,[2] whileRolling Stone placed him at No. 65 on their list of "The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time" in 2011.[3] Guitar World ranked his solo in "November Rain" No. 6 on their list of "The 100 Greatest Guitar Solos" in 2008,[4] and Total Guitar placed his riff in "Sweet Child o' Mine" at No. 1 on their list of "The 100 Greatest Riffs" in 2004.[5] In 2012, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, along with other members of Guns N' Roses.

Early life

Born Saul Hudson in Hampstead, London.[6] His mother, Ola Hudson (born Oliver;[7] 1946–2009),[8][9] was an American costume designer whose clients included David Bowie, and his father, Anthony Hudson, is an English artist who created album covers for musicians such as Neil Young andJoni Mitchell. Contrary to several reports, Slash's mother was not Nigerian,[10] nor is his father Jewish.[11] Of his mixed background, Slash later remarked, "As a musician, I've always been amused that I'm both British and black; particularly because so many American musicians seem to aspire to be British while so many British musicians, in the sixties in particular, went to such great pains to be black."[12]
During his early years, Slash was raised by his father and paternal grandparents in Stoke-on-TrentStaffordshire while his mother left the family shortly after Slash’s birth to pursue her career, a decision that caused great stress on those involved due to the fact that Anthony had never gotten on well with his father, even going as far as to come to blows over simple difference of opinion. Anthony made it a habit to take Slash on outings often while they lived in England.[13][14] Despite the fact that Ola had obtained her profession around a year after leaving for L.A. [15] and Anthony’s bitter attitude toward his upbringings, it wasn't until Slash was around four or five years old that he and his father finally joined his mother in Los Angeles, California. [16] In between the period of Slash moving to L.A. and his parents separation, Ola made several attempts to make up for lost time with her son by taking him on outings with her friends as well as to work with her where Slash met several film and music stars. [17] His brother, Albion "Ash" Hudson, was born in 1972.[18] The separation of Slash’s parents in 1974 due to several issues like constant separation, Anthony’s dislike of Ola’s mother aiding with the family and Anthony’s love of alcohol constantly making him insult others[19] led to Slash becoming extremely troubled and a self-described "problem child,".[20] When the separation occurred, Slash chose to live with Ola and he was often sent to live with his beloved maternal grandmother whenever his mother had to travel for her job.[20][21] He was given the nickname "Slash" by family friend Seymour Cassel, because he was "always in a hurry, zipping around from one thing to another."[22]
"My big awakening happened when I was 14. I'd been trying to get into this older girl's pants for a while, and she finally let me come over to her house. We hung out, smoked some pot and listened to Aerosmith's Rocks. It hit me like a fucking ton of bricks. I sat there listening to it over and over, and totally blew off this girl. I remember riding my bike back to my grandma's house knowing that my life had changed. Now I identified with something."
Slash on his passion for rock music[23]
In 1979, Slash decided to form a band with his friend Steven Adler.[24] The band never materialized, but it prompted Slash to take up an instrument. Since Adler had designated himself the role of guitarist, Slash decided to learn how to play bass.[24] Equipped with a one-string flamenco guitar given to him by his grandmother, he began taking classes with Robert Wolin, a teacher at Fairfax Music School.[25] During his first lesson, Slash decided to switch from bass to guitar after hearing Wolin play "Brown Sugar" by the Rolling Stones.[25] His decision to play guitar was further influenced by one of his school teachers, who would play songs by Cream and Led Zeppelin for his students. As a result, Slash stated, "When I heard him do that, I said, 'That's what I want to do.'"[26] A champion BMX rider,[27] Slash put the bike aside to devote himself to playing guitar,[28] practicing up to twelve hours a day.

[edit]Career

[edit]1981–1985: Early years

Slash joined his first band, Tidus Sloan, in 1981.[29] In 1983, he formed the band Road Crew—named for the Motörhead song "(We Are) The Road Crew"—with his childhood friend Steven Adler, who by then had learned to play drums. He placed an advertisement in a newspaper looking for a bassist, and received a response from Duff McKagan. They auditioned a number of singers, including one-time Black Flag vocalist Ron Reyes, and worked on material that included the main riff of what would become the Guns N' Roses song "Rocket Queen."[30] Slash disbanded the group the following year due to them not being able to find a singer, as well as Adler's lack of work ethic compared to himself and McKagan.[30] He then joined a local band known as Hollywood Rose, which featured singer Axl Rose and guitarist Izzy Stradlin. Following his time with Hollywood Rose, Slash played in a band called Black Sheep and unsuccessfully auditioned for Poison, aglam metal band that he would later openly deride.[29]

[edit]1985–1996: Guns N' Roses

In June 1985, Slash was asked by Axl Rose and Izzy Stradlin to join the newly founded Guns N' Roses.[31] Duff McKagan and Steven Adler completed the line-up. They played nightclubs—such as the Whisky a Go GoThe Roxy, and The Troubadour—and opened for larger acts throughout 1985 and 1986. It was during this period that the band wrote most of its classic material, including "Welcome to the Jungle," "Sweet Child o' Mine," and "Paradise City," As a result of their rowdy and rebellious behavior, Guns N' Roses quickly received the moniker "Most Dangerous Band in the World," causing Slash to remark, "For some strange reason, Guns N' Roses is like the catalyst for controversy, even before we had any kind of record deal."[32] After being scouted by several major record labels, the band signed with Geffen Records in March 1986. Later that year, they began recording their debut album, but initially nothing was accomplished as Slash had developed a drug problem.[29]
In July 1987, Guns N' Roses released its debut album, Appetite for Destruction, which to date has sold over 28 million copies worldwide,[33] 18 million of which were sold in the United States, making it the best-selling debut album of all time in the U.S.[34] In the summer of 1988, the band achieved its only U.S. No. 1 hit with "Sweet Child o' Mine," a song spearheaded by Slash's guitar riff and solo. In November of that year, Guns N' Roses released G N' R Lies, which sold over five million copies in the U.S. alone,[34] despite containing only eight tracks, four of which were included on the previously released EP Live ?!*@ Like a Suicide. As their success grew, so did interpersonal tensions within the band. In 1989, during a show as opening act for the Rolling Stones, Axl Rose threatened to leave the band if certain members of the band didn't stop "dancing with Mr. Brownstone,"[29] a reference to their song of the same name about heroin use. Slash was among those who promised to clean up.[29] However, the following year, Steven Adler was fired from the band because of his heroin addiction; he was replaced by Matt Sorum of The Cult.
In May 1991, the band embarked on the two-and-a-half-year-long Use Your Illusion Tour. The following September, Guns N' Roses released the long-awaited albums Use Your Illusion I and Use Your Illusion II, which debuted at No. 2 and No. 1, respectively, on the U.S. chart, a feat not achieved by any other group.[35] Izzy Stradlin abruptly left the band in November; he was replaced byGilby Clarke of Candy and Kill for Thrills. Slash played his final show with Guns N' Roses on July 17, 1993.[29] In November of that year, the band released "The Spaghetti Incident?", a cover album of mostly punk songs, which proved less successful than its predecessors. Slash then wrote several songs for what would have become the follow-up album to the Use Your Illusion twins. Axl Rose, however, rejected the material.
After three years of inactivity, Slash announced in October 1996 that he was no longer a part of Guns N' Roses.[29] In his 2007 autobiography, Slash states that his decision to leave the band was not based, as widely believed, on artistic differences with Axl Rose, but on the following three reasons: the disrespect shown by Rose to their audiences and crew by causing the band to almost always take the stage late during the Use Your Illusion Tour; the legal manipulation that Rose forced on his band mates by demanding ownership of the band name and downgrading them contractually to hired hands; and the departures of Steven Adler and Izzy Stradlin.[36]

[edit]1994–2002: Slash's Snakepit

In 1994, Slash formed Slash's Snakepit, a side project that featured his Guns N' Roses band mates Matt Sorum and Gilby Clarke on drums and rhythm guitar respectively, as well as Alice in ChainsMike Inez on bass and Jellyfish's Eric Dover on vocals. The band recorded Slash's material originally intended for Guns N' Roses, resulting in the release of It's Five O'Clock Somewhere in February 1995. The album was critically praised for ignoring the then-popular conventions of alternative music, and fared well on the charts, eventually selling over one million copies in the US alone despite little promotion from Geffen Records. Slash's Snakepit toured in support of the album with bassist James LoMenzo and drummer Brian Tichy of Pride and Glory, before disbanding in 1996. Slash then toured for two years with the blues rock cover band Slash's Blues Ball.
In 1999, Slash chose to regroup Slash's Snakepit with Rod Jackson on vocals, Ryan Roxie on rhythm guitar, Johnny Griparic on bass, and Matt Laug on drums. Their second album, Ain't Life Grand, was released in October 2000 through Koch Records. It did not sell as well as the band's previous release, and its critical reception was mixed. To promote the album, the band—with Keri Kelli on rhythm guitar—embarked on an extensive world tour in support of AC/DC in the summer of 2000, followed by their own headlining theater tour. Slash disbanded Snakepit in 2002.

[edit]2002–2008: Velvet Revolver

Slash during a Velvet Revolver concert inNijmegen in 2005
In 2002, Slash reunited with Duff McKagan and Matt Sorum for a Randy Castillo tribute concert. Realizing that they still had the chemistry of their days in Guns N' Roses, they decided to form a new band together. Former Guns N' Roses guitarist Izzy Stradlin was initially involved, but left after the others decided to find a lead singer. Dave Kushner, who had previously played with McKagan in Loaded, then joined the band on rhythm guitar. For many months, the four searched for a lead singer by listening to offered demo tapes, a monotonous process documented by VH1. Eventually, former Stone Temple Pilots vocalist Scott Weiland joined the band.
In 2003, Velvet Revolver played several concerts during the summer and released their first single, "Set Me Free". In June 2004, they released their debut album, Contraband, which debuted at No. 1 on the U.S. chart and sold two million copies, re-establishing Slash as a mainstream performer. A year-and-a-half-long tour followed in support of the album. In July 2007, Velvet Revolver released their sophomore album, Libertad, and embarked on a second tour. During a show in March 2008, Weiland announced to the audience that it would be the band's final tour;[37] he left the band the following month to rejoin Stone Temple Pilots. Despite Weiland's departure, Velvet Revolver did not officially disband.
In early 2010, Velvet Revolver began writing new songs and auditioning new singers.[38] By January 2011, the band had recorded nine demos, and was reportedly due to make a decision on their singer.[39] However, the following April, Slash stated that they had been unable to find a suitable singer and that Velvet Revolver would remain on hiatus for the next few years while its members focus on other projects.[40]

[edit]2008–present: Solo career

In September 2008, Slash began production on his debut solo album. He described the process of recording by himself as "cathartic."[43] Slash's wife Perla revealed that many different artists would appear on the album, saying, "It's going to be Slash and friends, with everyone from Ozzy to Fergie."[44] The album, simply titled Slash, debuted at No. 3 on the U.S. chart upon its release in April 2010.[45] It featured an all-star roster of guest musicians, including Ozzy OsbourneFergie of The Black Eyed PeasAdam Levine of Maroon 5Lemmy Kilmister of MotörheadDave Grohl of Foo Fighters, and Iggy Pop.[45] To promote the album, Slash embarked on his first solo world tour with Myles Kennedy of Alter Bridge—who also appeared on the album—on vocals, Bobby Schneck on rhythm guitar, Todd Kerns on bass, andBrent Fitz on drums. He is confirmed to play DownloadGraspop and Gods of Metal festivals in 2012.
Slash began working on his second solo album in June 2011.[46] He collaborated with his touring band mates Myles Kennedy, Todd Kerns, and Brent Fitz, with the resulting album billed to "Slash featuring Myles Kennedy and The Conspirators".[47] The album, titled Apocalyptic Love, was released on May 22, 2012. he appeared in the superbowl 45 half-time show in 2011[47]

[edit]Session work

In 1991, Slash played lead guitar on the single "Give In to Me" off Michael Jackson's album Dangerous, as well as in the opening skit for the song "Black or White" off the same album.[48] In 1995, he played guitar on "D.S.," a controversial song from Jackson's HIStory album, and in 1997 appeared on the song "Morphine" off the remix album Blood on the Dance Floor. In 2001, Slash played on "Privacy" off Jackson's final studio album, Invincible. Slash also played at the "1995 MTV Video Music Awards" with Jackson on "Black or White"
In 1991, Slash collaborated with Lenny Kravitz on "Always on the Run", the lead single from Kravitz' album Mama Said. In 1993, Slash appeared on the album Stone Free: A Tribute to Jimi Hendrix, performing "I Don't Live Today" with Paul Rodgers and Band of Gypsys. In 1996, he collaborated with Marta Sánchez to record the flamenco-inspired song "Obsession" for the Curdledsoundtrack. Later that year, he played with Alice Cooper at Sammy Hagar's club Cabo Wabo in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. The show was released the following year as A Fistful of Alice. In 1997, Slash appeared alongside rapper Ol' Dirty Bastard on BLACKstreet's rock remix of their hit single "Fix"; he also appeared in the accompanying music video. Also in 1997, he played on the single "But You Said I'm Useless" by Japanese musician J. That same year, he contributed music to the soundtrack of Quentin Tarantino's Jackie Brown; several compositions by Slash's Snakepit can be heard throughout the film. He also appeared on the Insane Clown Posse's 4th Joker Card, The Great Milenko, on the track Halls of Illusion.
In 2002, Slash played on the title track to Elán's album Street Child. In 2003, he participated in the Yardbirds' comeback record Birdland; he played lead guitar on the track "Over, Under, Sideways, Down." In 2006, Slash played on a cover of "In the Summertime" on keyboardist Derek Sherinian's solo album Blood of the Snake; he was also featured in the accompanying music video. In 2007, he appeared on Paulina Rubio's single "Nada Puede Cambiarme". In 2008, Slash played guitar on the film score of The Wrestler, composed by Clint Mansell. In 2009, he was featured on Rihanna's single "Rockstar 101" off her album Rated R. In 2011, he contributed the song "Kick It Up a Notch" to the Disney Channel animation Phineas and Ferb The Movie: Across the 2nd Dimension; he appeared in both live-action and animated form in the promotional music video.[49]

[edit]Other ventures

A self-described "film buff,"[11] Slash has had small parts in several films and television series.[50] In 1988, he appeared with his Guns N' Roses band mates in the Dirty Harry film The Dead Pool, in which his character attends a musician's funeral and shoots a harpoon. He played radio DJ Hank in a 1994 episode of the horror anthology television series Tales from the Crypt. In 1999, he appeared as the host of the Miss America Bag Lady pageant in the widely-panned film The Underground Comedy Movie. He has also appeared as himself in several projects, including Howard Stern's Private Parts in 1997, The Drew Carey Show in 1998, MADtv in 2005, and Sacha Baron Cohen's Brüno in 2009. Slash voiced a recurring caricature of himself in Robert Evans' animated television series Kid Notorious, which aired in 2003 on Comedy Central. As in real life, Slash is Evans' close friend and next-door neighbor. On May 5, 2009, he appeared as the guest mentor for the rock 'n' roll week of American Idol.[51] In 2010, Slash formed Slasher Films, a horror film production company. Its first film, Nothing to Fear, is currently in pre-production.[52][53]
Slash's autobiography, simply titled Slash, was published on October 30, 2007. It was co-written with Anthony Bozza. In addition, Slash made several contributions to The Heroin Diaries: A Year in the Life of a Shattered Rock Star, the autobiography of Mötley Crüe bassist Nikki Sixx, which was also published in 2007.
Slash is a playable character in the video game Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock, released in 2007. His performance was motion captured to record his movements for the game. Slash's character becomes playable after a player beats him in a one-on-one competition, which then leads to the player and Slash playing the master track of "Welcome to the Jungle."[54]

[edit]Personal life

On October 10, 1992, Slash married model-actress Renée Suran in Marina del Rey, California.[55] They divorced in late 1997 after five years of marriage.[31] Slash married Perla Ferrar on October 15, 2001 in Hawaii.[31] They have two sons, London Emilio (born August 28, 2002) and Cash Anthony (born June 23, 2004).[31] In August 2010, Slash filed for divorce from Ferrar, but the couple reconciled two months later.[56] The family lives in Los Angeles, California.
Slash, the son of a white English father and a black American mother, has called himself a "proud" dual citizen of the United Kingdom and the United States.[11] A British national since his London birth,[6] he has resided in Los Angeles since 1971 but did not acquire American citizenship until 1996.[57]
In 2001, at the age of 35, Slash was diagnosed with cardiomyopathy, a form of congestive heart failure caused by his many years of alcohol and drug abuse. Originally given between six days and six weeks to live, he survived through physical therapy and the implantation of a defibrillator.[58] Slash has been clean and sober since 2006,[11] which he credits to his wife Perla.[56] In 2009, following his mother's death from lung cancer, he quit smoking.[59]
Slash has received recognition for his longtime contributions to establishing environmental welfare programs.[60] He is a board trustee of the Greater Los Angeles Zoo Association and has long supported the Los Angeles Zoo and zoos around the world.[60] Slash's love of reptiles was for many years a notable aspect of his public persona—with several of his many snakes appearing with him in music videos and photoshoots[61]—until the birth of his first son in 2002 forced him to rehome his collection.[62]
Slash's former friendship with Guns N' Roses frontman Axl Rose has soured since his departure from the band. In 2006, Rose claimed that Slash had shown up at his house uninvited the previous year to offer a truce.[63] He alleged that Slash had insulted his Velvet Revolver band mates, telling Rose that he considered Scott Weiland "a fraud" and Duff McKagan "spineless," and that he "hated" Matt Sorum.[64] Slash initially denied the accusations, but in his 2007 autobiography he admitted to visiting Rose's home with the intention to settle a longstanding legal dispute and make peace with his former band mate. He claims, however, that he did not speak with Rose and instead merely left a note. Slash maintains that he has not spoken with Rose in person since 1996.[63]In 2009, in response to a statement by Rose in which he referred to Slash as "a cancer," Slash commented, "It doesn't really affect me at all....It's been a long time. The fact that he has anything to say at all, it's like, 'Whatever, dude.' It doesn't really matter."[65]

[edit]Awards and accolades

Slash performing at the Nokia Theater in New York in 2008
Slash receiving a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in July 10, 2012
Slash has received critical acclaim as a guitarist. In 2005, he was named "Best Guitarist" by Esquire, which congratulated him on "beating the comeback odds with a surprisingly legitimate and vital outfit, Velvet Revolver."[66]Slash was awarded the title of "Riff Lord" during Metal Hammer's fourth annual Golden Gods awards in 2007.[67] In 2008, he was ranked No. 21 on Gigwise's list of "The 50 Greatest Guitarists Ever,"[68] and in 2009, he was named runner-up on "The 10 Best Electric Guitar Players" list in Time, which praised him as "a remarkably precise player."[2]In 2011, Rolling Stone placed Slash at No. 65 on their list of "The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time."[3]
In 2007, Slash was honored with a star on the Rock Walk of Fame; his name was placed alongside Jimmy Page,Eddie Van Halen and Jimi Hendrix. He was the honoree at the 2010 Sunset Strip Music Festival, where he was presented by West Hollywood mayor John Heilman with a plaque declaring August 26 as "Slash Day."[69] In 2012, Slash was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the classic lineup of Guns N' Roses.[70] He performed three songs—"Paradise City," "Sweet Child o' Mine," and "Mr. Brownstone"—with fellow inductees Duff McKaganSteven Adler, and Matt Sorum, one-time Guns N' Roses guitarist Gilby Clarke, and his frequent collaborator Myles Kennedy. Inductees Axl RoseIzzy Stradlin, and Dizzy Reed declined to attend. Later that year, Slash received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, located directly in front of the Hard Rock Cafe on Hollywood Boulevard.[71]
In 2004, Slash's introductory riff in "Sweet Child o' Mine" was voted No. 1 on a list of "The 100 Greatest Riffs" by the readers of Total Guitar;[5] his riffs in "Out ta Get Me" (No. 51), "Welcome to the Jungle" (No. 21), and "Paradise City" (No. 19) also made the list.[5] In 2006, his solo in "Paradise City" was voted No. 3 by Total Guitar's readers on a list of "The 100 Hottest Guitar Solos";[72] his solos in "Sweet Child o' Mine" and "November Rain" were ranked No. 30 and No. 82 respectively.[72] In 2008, Guitar World placed Slash's solo in "November Rain" at No. 6 on their list of "The 100 Greatest Guitar Solos,"[4] while his solo in "Sweet Child o' Mine" was ranked No. 37 on the list.[73] In 2010, the readers of Total Guitar voted his riff in "Slither" runner-up on the list of "The 50 Greatest Riffs of the Decade,"[74] while his riff in "By the Sword" was ranked No. 22.[75]

[edit]Equipment

[edit]Guitars & Amplifiers

Slash owns more than 100 guitars.[76] He prefers the Gibson Les Paul, which he has called "the best all-around guitar for me."[77] Gibson has credited him with bringing the Les Paul back into the mainstream.[77] His main studio guitar is a 1959 Gibson Les Paul Standard replica, built by luthier Kris Derrig[78], which he came to own during the recording sessions for Guns N' Roses' debut album, Appetite for Destruction. He used that guitar on every subsequent album he recorded with Guns N' Roses and Velvet Revolver. For many years, his main live guitar was a 1988 Gibson Les Paul Standard.[79]
Since 1997, Slash has collaborated with Gibson on eleven signature Les Paul models—three through Gibson USA; four through the Gibson Custom Shop; and four through the Gibson subsidiary Epiphone. He has also collaborated on signature equipment with other companies. In 1996, Marshall introduced the Marshall Slash Signature JCM 2555, an authentic reissue of the Marshall "Silver Jubilee" JCM 2555 released in 1987. It was the first signature amp ever produced by Marshall, with production limited to 3000.[80] In 2007, Jim Dunlop introduced the Crybaby SW-95 Slash Signature Wah, designed after Slash's own custom-built Crybaby wah pedal.[81] In 2010, Seymour Duncan introduced the Alnico II Pro Slash APH-2 pickups, which were designed to recreate the tone of Slash's main studio guitar.[82] Also in 2010, Marshall introduced the Marshall AFD100, a recreation of the Marshall 1959 that Slash used for the recording of Appetite for Destruction, with production limited to 2300.[83]
On stage, Slash prefers Marshall amplifiers, particularly the Marshall "Silver Jubilee" JCM 2555 amp. He used a rented early-1970s Marshall 1959 for the recording of Appetite for Destruction.[84]Slash enjoyed the amp so much that he tried to keep it, telling the rental company, S.I.R., that it had been stolen. However, the amp was repossessed by S.I.R. employees after a roadie accidentally brought it to rehearsals at the store.[84] For the recording of Velvet Revolver's debut album, Contraband, he used a Vox AC30 amp and small Fender tube amps, and on their second album, Libertad, he used the Marshall "Vintage Modern" 2466 amp. On his eponymous debut solo album and the subsequent world tour, Slash used his signature Marshall AFD100 amp.

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